Effect of yoga on glycemic control and inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a prospective non-randomized comparative interventional study.

Viswa Kalyan Kolli; Sai Praneeth Nalla; Jhansi Rani Nannapaneni

doi:10.51168/pk2zcf82

Authors

Dr. Viswa Kalyan Kolli Department of Biochemistry GITAM Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, GITAM (Deemed to be University) Visakhapatnam, India
Dr. Sai Praneeth Nalla Molecular Virology and Infection Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, India
Dr. Jhansi Rani Nannapaneni Department of Applied Psychology, GITAM School of Humanities and Social Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51168/pk2zcf82

Keywords:

Yoga, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Insulin resistance, HbA1c, hsCRP, IL-6, IL-1β

Abstract

Background:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by persistent metabolic disturbance, insulin resistance, and a low-grade inflammatory state. Yoga may complement standard treatment by combining physical activity, breathing practices, relaxation, and stress regulation.

Objectives:

To evaluate changes in glycemic indices, insulin resistance, and selected inflammatory markers during a structured 45-day yoga program in patients with T2DM receiving routine medication.

Methods:

This prospective, non-randomized comparative interventional study included 100 adults with established T2DM attending the General Medicine outpatient department. Fifty participants continued routine antidiabetic medication alone, while 50 received the same routine treatment together with a supervised 60-minute yoga session daily for 45 days. Venous blood was collected on days 0, 15, 30, and 45 for fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1c, insulin, HOMA-IR, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6).

Conclusion:

A 45-day supervised yoga program, when added to routine medication, was associated with better glycemic control, lower insulin resistance, and reduced inflammatory marker levels in patients with T2DM.

Recommendations:

Yoga can be considered as a supportive component of diabetes care for suitable patients. Longer studies with clearly defined allocation procedures and broader lifestyle assessment are warranted.

Author Biographies

Dr. Viswa Kalyan Kolli, Department of Biochemistry GITAM Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, GITAM (Deemed to be University) Visakhapatnam, India

is Professor of Biochemistry at GITAM Institute of Medical Sciences & Research. He has 17 years of teaching experience and completed his M.Sc. in Medical Biochemistry at Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, followed by a Ph.D. in Biochemistry at Christian Medical College, Vellore. His research interests include quality control, diabetes mellitus, and cell signalling. ORCID: 0000-0001-7997-0103.
Dr. Sai Praneeth Nalla, Molecular Virology and Infection Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, India

is a doctoral researcher in the Molecular Virology and Infection Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University. He completed a Master’s degree in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology from the same university and previously worked as a Junior Research Fellow for two years at GITAM Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Visakhapatnam. ORCID: 0000-0001-5537-6417.
Dr. Jhansi Rani Nannapaneni, Department of Applied Psychology, GITAM School of Humanities and Social Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, India

i is a faculty member in the Department of Psychology at GITAM University. She holds a Ph.D., and her academic interests include cognitive neuroscience, learning, memory, and the integration of yoga within psychological research. ORCID: 0009-0007-3893-7076.

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