Clinical Presentation, Risk Factors, Surgical Management, and Postoperative Complications of Patients with Inguinal Hernia: A Prospective Observational Study.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51168/hcygbv09Cuvinte cheie:
Inguinal Hernia, Risk Factors, Hernioplasty, Laparoscopic Repair, Postoperative ComplicationsRezumat
Background:
Inguinal hernia is a common surgical condition with substantial variation in presentation, contributing risk factors, operative approach, and postoperative recovery.
Objectives:
This study evaluated the clinical presentation, associated risk factors, surgical management, and early postoperative complications among patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair.
Methods:
This prospective, single-centre observational cohort study included 80 adults with inguinal hernia who underwent surgery at Maharajah's Institute of Medical Sciences, Nellimarla, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India, from January to December 2025. Consecutive eligible patients were enrolled. Demographic characteristics, associated risk factors, clinical presentation, hernia characteristics, operative details, hospital stay, and postoperative complications were recorded and analysed.
Results:
The mean age was 49.6 ± 15.2 years, and 74 patients (92.5%) were male. Groin swelling was present in all patients, while 46 (57.5%) reported pain or a dragging sensation. Right-sided (51.3%), indirect (61.3%), and reducible (68.8%) hernias predominated. Smoking (32.5%), heavy physical work or weight lifting (26.3%), chronic cough (21.3%), and chronic constipation (16.3%) were frequently associated factors. Elective surgery was performed in 86.3%; open mesh hernioplasty was the most common procedure (65.0%), followed by laparoscopic repair (21.3%). Eighteen patients (22.5%) developed at least one postoperative complication. Acute pain requiring additional analgesia (10.0%), seroma (7.5%), surgical-site infection (5.0%), and scrotal oedema or haematoma (5.0%) were the principal events. Complications were more frequent among older patients, smokers, emergency procedures, and complicated hernias. No postoperative death occurred.
Conclusion:
Inguinal hernia predominantly affected middle-aged and older men and commonly presented as a unilateral reducible swelling. Mesh-based elective repair produced favourable short-term outcomes, whereas emergency presentation and selected patient-related factors were associated with greater postoperative morbidity.
Recommendations:
Early surgical evaluation, modification of relevant risk factors, and timely elective repair should be encouraged to reduce emergency presentations and postoperative complications.
Referințe
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Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Vaddadhi Sindhuri, Dr. Bolgam Karthik Babu, Dr. Thunguri Karthik
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