Assessment of pulmonary function abnormalities among chronic smokers and non-smokers.

Mukesh Kumar; Ashutosh Kumar; Ajay Kumar Lal Das

doi:10.51168/5fehx605

Autori

Mukesh Kumar Senior Resident, Department of General Medicine, Madhubani Medical College, Bihar, India
Ashutosh Kumar Assistant Professor, Department of General Medicine, Madhubani Medical College and Hospital, Madhubani, Bihar, India
Ajay Kumar Lal Das Professor, Department of General Medicine, Madhubani Medical College and Hospital, Madhubani, Bihar, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51168/5fehx605

Cuvinte cheie:

Smoking, Pulmonary Function Test, Spirometry, Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Rezumat

Background

Smoking remains one of the leading preventable causes of respiratory morbidity and mortality worldwide. Chronic exposure to tobacco smoke results in progressive impairment of pulmonary function, predisposing individuals to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), restrictive lung disorders, and other respiratory illnesses.

Aim

To assess and compare pulmonary function abnormalities among chronic smokers and non-smokers attending a tertiary care teaching hospital.

Methods

A prospective observational comparative study was conducted at Madhubani Medical College and Hospital from April 2025 to January 2026. A total of 100 participants were enrolled, including 50 chronic smokers and 50 age-matched non-smokers. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were performed using spirometry. Parameters evaluated included forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC ratio, and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Comparative analysis was performed between the two groups.

Results

The mean FEV1, FVC, and PEFR values were significantly lower among smokers compared with non-smokers (p<0.001). Obstructive ventilatory defects were observed in 36.0% of smokers compared with 6.0% of non-smokers (p<0.001). Pulmonary function impairment increased significantly with smoking duration exceeding 10 years.

Conclusion

Chronic smoking is significantly associated with deterioration of pulmonary function and increased prevalence of obstructive ventilatory abnormalities. Early smoking cessation and regular pulmonary function assessment are essential to prevent progressive respiratory impairment.

Recommendation

Routine pulmonary function assessment should be considered for chronic smokers, particularly those with prolonged smoking exposure, along with smoking cessation counselling and preventive interventions to reduce the risk of progressive respiratory impairment.

Biografii autori

Mukesh Kumar, Senior Resident, Department of General Medicine, Madhubani Medical College, Bihar, India

is a Senior Resident in the Department of General Medicine at Madhubani Medical College, Bihar, India. His academic and clinical interests include general medicine and respiratory medicine.
Ashutosh Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of General Medicine, Madhubani Medical College and Hospital, Madhubani, Bihar, India

is an Assistant Professor in the Department of General Medicine at Madhubani Medical College and Hospital, Madhubani, Bihar, India. His academic and clinical interests include general medicine and pulmonary function assessment.
Ajay Kumar Lal Das, Professor, Department of General Medicine, Madhubani Medical College and Hospital, Madhubani, Bihar, India

is a Professor in the Department of General Medicine at Madhubani Medical College and Hospital, Madhubani, Bihar, India. He is involved in undergraduate and postgraduate medical education and clinical practice.

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