Effectiveness of nurse-led training on the e-motive treatment bundle for management of postpartum hemorrhage among staff nurses in selected hospitals of Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh: a pre-experimental one-group pre-test–post-test study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51168/z3ks1a87Keywords:
Postpartum hemorrhage, E-MOTIVE, treatment bundle, nurse-led training, staff nurses, maternal healthAbstract
Introduction
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) remains a leading cause of maternal death. The E-MOTIVE approach combines early, objective detection of blood loss with a first-response bundle of uterine massage, oxytocic drugs, tranexamic acid, intravenous fluids, examination and escalation of care. This study evaluated the effectiveness of nurse-led training on staff nurses’ knowledge of the E-MOTIVE treatment bundle in selected hospitals of Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh.
Methods
A quantitative pre-experimental one-group pre-test–post-test design was used. Sixty staff nurses working in labour rooms, obstetric wards and obstetric emergency units of three hospitals were recruited by non-probability convenience sampling. Knowledge was measured with a 24-item structured questionnaire before and five days after a single 20-minute nurse-led audio-visual training session (6–13 April 2026). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, the paired t-test and the chi-square test (α = 0.05).
Results
At pre-test, 18 (30.0%) nurses had inadequate and 42 (70.0%) moderate knowledge; none had adequate knowledge. At post-test, 48 (80.0%) had adequate and 12 (20.0%) moderate knowledge. The mean score increased from 12.40 ± 1.14 to 21.06 ± 2.10 (mean difference 8.66; 95% CI 8.04–9.28; t(59) = 28.12; p < 0.001). Pre-test knowledge was significantly associated with previous PPH-management training but not with age, gender, qualification, experience or working area.
Conclusion
A brief nurse-led audio-visual training session significantly improved staff nurses’ short-term knowledge of the E-MOTIVE treatment bundle for the management of PPH.
Recommendation
Hospitals should incorporate structured E-MOTIVE training into the induction and routine in-service education of all nurses posted in maternity units, reinforced by periodic refresher sessions and simulation drills. Controlled studies with longer follow-up are recommended to assess knowledge retention, clinical practice and maternal outcomes.
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