Anatomy and Surgical Importance of Anterior and Posterior Cruciate Ligaments: A Retrospective Observational Study.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51168/sjhrafrica.v6i12.2312Keywords:
Anterior cruciate ligament, Posterior cruciate ligament, Knee injury, Arthroscopic reconstruction, Functional outcomeAbstract
Background:
Cruciate ligament injuries of the knee, particularly involving the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), are a major cause of instability in young and physically active individuals. Understanding injury patterns, management strategies, and functional outcomes is essential for optimal recovery.
Aim:
To retrospectively evaluate the anatomical characteristics, injury mechanisms, surgical management, and functional outcomes of ACL and PCL injuries treated at a tertiary care center.
Methods:
A retrospective observational study was conducted at Laxmi Chandravanshi Medical College, Bisrampur, from January 2023 to December 2024. Fifty patients with radiologically confirmed ACL or PCL injuries were included. Patients with multi-ligament injuries, fractures, or revision surgeries were excluded. Data on demographics, injury mechanism, ligament involvement, treatment modality, and functional outcome using the Lysholm knee score were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results:
Of the 50 patients, 36 (72%) were male, and 14 (28%) were female, with a mean age of 28.6 ± 7.4 years. ACL injuries were most common (70%), followed by PCL (20%) and combined injuries (10%). Sports-related trauma accounted for 44% of cases. Surgical reconstruction was performed in 76% of patients, and 76% achieved good to excellent functional outcomes. Sports-related injuries were significantly associated with ACL tears (p = 0.008).
Conclusion:
ACL injuries predominate among young, active individuals, and surgical reconstruction provides favorable functional outcomes when appropriately indicated.
Recommendations:
Preventive strategies such as neuromuscular training, early screening, and injury-awareness programs should be promoted in high-risk populations. Larger prospective studies are recommended to refine surgical techniques and rehabilitation protocols.
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