Identification and management of seizures in children. A retrospective cross-sectional study at a tertiary care hospital.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51168/sjhrafrica.v7i3.2547Keywords:
Pediatric seizures, febrile seizures, epilepsy, antiepileptic drugs, retrospective studyAbstract
Background:
Seizures are among the most common neurological emergencies in children and significantly contribute to pediatric hospital admissions. Early identification and appropriate management are crucial for improving outcomes.
Methodology:
This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Bihar, India, over an eight-month period (Month Year–Month Year). Medical records of 100 pediatric patients aged 1 month to 14 years diagnosed with seizures were analyzed. Data regarding demographic profile, seizure types, etiologies, and treatment modalities were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 25.
Results:
The majority of patients were in the 1–5 years age group (45%), with a male predominance (60%). Febrile seizures were the most common type (38%), followed by generalized tonic–clonic seizures (30%). Febrile illness was the leading etiological factor (40%). Diazepam and phenytoin were the most commonly used antiepileptic drugs. A statistically significant association was observed between age group and febrile seizures (χ² = 9.21, p = 0.027).
Conclusion:
Febrile seizures remain the most frequent seizure type in children, especially in younger age groups.
Recommendations:
Early identification and prompt management of febrile illnesses, parental education, and adherence to standardized seizure management protocols can significantly reduce morbidity and improve outcomes.
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